Islamic Prayer for Dead Parents
When a parent passes away remember that you have begun a new phase of birr (dutifulness) to that parent.
Birr after death is the truest and most sincere forms of birr because birr during their lifetime could be tainted with show-off, being polite (as opposed to sincere) and expecting praise from the parents or others. As for after their death, then only Allah hears and sees you.
But after death only Allah knows what good and bad is in store for the deceased in the grave
Du'a - i.e., supplication to Allah - for rahmah (mercy), asking Allah to shower the deceased with His mercy is invaluable for the deceased.
Through the child's Du'a, Allah - with His grace and mercy - enlightens the grave removing the darkness and expanding the grave thus removing the suffering. And Allah makes the grave a garden from the gardens of Paradise for the deceased.
Therefore, always remember your deceased parent/s, and always ask Allah to shower them with His mercy, enlighten their grave and expand it.
For example, as you about have a meal think about the many wonderful meals your mother had prepared for you and how she looked after you all your life. Your heart will surely soften and at that point, let it drive you to offer a similar meal to an orphan, widow, divorced, or needy person on behalf of your deceased parent, begging of Allah to reward them for it. Give charity on their behalf, recalling the many favours they did for you.
Never forget your parents. No matter how harsh they may have been with you, only Allah knows the love they had in their hearts for you.
Remember them in your Du'a during sujood - the prostration - between the adhaan - the call for prayer - and the iqamah - the in-masjid call for prayer just a minute before congregational prayer, and in every act of worship and at all times.
Give charity on their behalf privately, wipe away the tears of orphans, widows, and divorced (through charity) on behalf of your parents, and quench the thirst of the thirsty on their behalf (by having a well dug, for example).
Go out of your way to be the best child to your parents for they have sacrificed much to raise you.
This is the Du'a for parents:
*رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا*
*Rabb-ir-ham-huma kama rabbayaani sagheera* {Quran surah 17, verse 24}
Translation :
'My Lord .. Bestow thy mercy on my parent/s as they cherished and raised me in my childhood"
Ibrahim 14:41
رَبَّنَا ٱغْفِرْ لِى وَلِوَٰلِدَىَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلْحِسَابُ
Our Lord, forgive me and my parents and the believers the Day the account is established."
Lastly, let us teach our children about this Du'a for one day we all shall need it.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever guides someone to goodness will have a reward like one who did it.”
( Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim)
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Convey (my teachings) to the people even if it were a single verse."
( Saheeh Bukhari)
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "By Allah, that Allah guides a man through you is better for you than a herd of expensive red camels."
(Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī)
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "When the human being dies, his deeds end except for three: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him."
(Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim).
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