When was Prophet Muhammad born( Peace, Blessings and Mercy of Allah be upon him) ?
What is the authentic, correct and exact birth date of Prophet Muhammad ( Peace, Blessings and Mercy of Allah be upon him)
There is disagreement among scholars about birth date of Prophet Muhammad ( Peace, Blessings and Mercy of Allah be upon him)
1. That he was born on 2nd Rabee ‘ al-Awwal.
Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“It was said that he was born on the second of the month. This was stated by Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr in al-Isti'ab, and was narrated by al-Waqidi from Abu Ma‘shar Nujayh ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Madani.” (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199)
2. It was said that he was born on 8th Rabee‘ al-Awwal.
Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“It was said that he was born on the eighth of the month. This was narrated by al-Humaydi from Ibn Hazm, and was narrated by Malik, ‘Aqeel, Yunus ibn Yazeed and others from az-Zuhri from Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mut‘im. Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr narrated that the historians regarded it as sahih; it was stated definitively by al-Hafiz al-Kabeer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi, and was regarded as most likely to be correct by al-Hafiz Abu’l-Khattan ibn Dihyah in his book at-Tanweer fi Mawlid al-Basheer an-Nadheer.” (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199)
3. It was said that he was born on 10th Rabee ‘ al-Awwal.
Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“It was said that he was born on the tenth of the month. This was narrated by Ibn Dihyah in his book, and was narrated by Ibn ‘Asakir from Abu Ja‘far al-Baqir. It was also narrated by Mujalid from ash-Sha‘bi.” (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199)
4. It was said that he was born on 12th Rabee ‘ al-Awwal.
Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“It was said that he was born on the twelfth of the month. This was stated by Ibn Ishaq. It was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah in his Musannaf from ‘Affan from Sa‘eed ibn Mina that Jabir and Ibn ‘Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was born in the Year of the Elephant on Monday 12
th Rabee‘ al-Awwal; on Monday his mission began, on Monday he was taken up to heaven, on Monday he migrated, and on Monday he died.
This is the well-known opinion according to the majority. And Allah knows best.” (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199)
It was also said that he was born in Ramadan or in Safar or some other month.
What appears to us to be the case is that the strongest opinion concerning the birth of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) is that he was born between the eighth and the twelfth of Rabee‘ al-Awwal. Some Muslim mathematicians and astronomers have determined that the Monday in question was the ninth of Rabee‘ al-Awwal. It may be that this is another opinion, and it has some merit. That corresponds to 20th April 571 CE. This is what the authors of some modern books on Seerah (Prophet’s biography) regard as most likely to be correct, including Professor Muhammad al-Khudari and Safi ar-Rahman al-Mubarakfuri.
Abu’l-Qasim as-Suhayli (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“The mathematicians say that his birth occurred in the solar month of April, on the twentieth of that month.” (Ar-Rawd al-Unuf, 1/282)
Prof. Muhammad al-Khudari (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“The Egyptian astronomer Mahmoud Basha (d. 1885 CE) who was well-versed in astronomy, geography and mathematics, and wrote several books based on his research stated that it was on the morning of Monday 9th Rabee‘ al-Awwal, which corresponds to 20th April 571 CE. That corresponds to the first year following the elephant incident. He was born in the house of Abu Talib in Shi‘ab Banu Hashim.” (Nur al-Yaqeen fi Seerat Sayyid al-Mursaleen (p. 9). See also ar-Raheeq al-Makhtum, p. 41)
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